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Examples

Browse word alignment and interlinear gloss examples — bilingual pairs, Turkish IPA stacks, RTL scripts, Tagalog compounds, and Japanese–Chinese–English word order. Open any example in the Aligner editor. New to the notation? Start with the glossing abbreviations cheat sheet, then open any example below in the editor.

English and French word alignment

See how “Hello world” maps to “Bonjour le monde” word by word: a simple bilingual alignment diagram for learners and teachers.

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Turkish interlinear gloss with IPA

Four-line interlinear layout: morpheme glosses, IPA, Turkish text, and English translation, with tight spacing between the gloss rows.

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Hebrew and Arabic with English (RTL scripts)

Compare two right-to-left languages against English: bound prepositions, parallel adjective placement, and crossing links when word order differs.

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Tagalog compounds and hyphenated words

Keep hyphens inside Tagalog compounds (bahay-kubo, tabing-ilog) instead of splitting them at every dash: a tokenizer override demo.

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Japanese, Chinese, and English word order

Three-line alignment across Japanese (SOV), Chinese (SVO), and English, including crossing links when the verb and object swap.

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Conlang interlinear gloss with a custom font

A constructed language in its own script: an ergative-absolutive clause glossed and aligned to English, with the source line in an uploaded custom font.

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Classical Nahuatl interlinear gloss (word-by-word)

Vertical interlinear text for Nahuatl: segmented verb morphology (ni-, c-, chihui, -lia) aligned to English “I made my son a house”.

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Nahuatl with Leipzig Glossing Rules abbreviations

Same Nahuatl clause with grammatical category labels (1SG.SUBJ, 3SG.OBJ, APPL) instead of full English gloss words.

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Taiwanese Minnan interlinear gloss

Southern Min (Taiwanese) sentence with morpheme glosses and English: “I have not yet decided when I shall return”.

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Lezgian morpheme-by-morpheme interlinear gloss

Lezgian (Northeast Caucasian) farm sentence: hyphen-aligned morphemes, OBL/GEN case tags, and FUT/NEG inflection.

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Turkish infinitive gloss (one-to-many correspondence)

Turkish çık-mak with gloss come.out-INF: one morpheme glossed as two English words using Leipzig period notation.

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Latin interlinear gloss with zero morpheme (ø)

puer-ø glossed as boy-NOM: an overt ø marks a null nominative case exponent in the object line.

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Tagalog reduplication in interlinear gloss (~)

Tagalog bi~bili glossed IPFV~buy: reduplication marked with a tilde per the Leipzig Glossing Rules.

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Turkish case and verb morphology (Odadan hızlı çıktım)

Turkish “I left the room quickly”: ablative -dan, comitative -lı, and a first-person past suffix, aligned to English word by word.

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French clitic pronouns in interlinear gloss (Je t’aime)

French Je t’aime with morpheme gloss I you love: the clitic pronoun t’ is aligned separately from the verb.

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Tagalog verbal aspect paradigm (interlinear)

Four Tagalog verb forms (sulat, su~sulat, sumulat, sumusulat) with aspect and mood glosses and English equivalents.

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German dative plural with umlaut (unsern Vätern)

German unser-n Väter-n glossed our-DAT.PL father\PL-DAT.PL: syncretism and umlaut marked in Leipzig style.

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Avar interlinear gloss (Caucasian agreement)

Avar “We didn’t steal your camel”: ergative agreement, genitive, and negation on a single verb complex.

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Lojban interlinear gloss with sumti placeholders

Lojban washing sentence with x1–x4 placeholders: a logical-language structure aligned to English.

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Russian case and gender agreement (evening run)

Russian “In the evening I ran to the store”: instrumental, feminine past, and accusative in one interlinear block.

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English and French word alignment

Turkish interlinear gloss with IPA

Hebrew and Arabic with English (RTL scripts)

Tagalog compounds and hyphenated words

Japanese, Chinese, and English word order

Conlang interlinear gloss with a custom font

Classical Nahuatl interlinear gloss (word-by-word)

Nahuatl with Leipzig Glossing Rules abbreviations

Taiwanese Minnan interlinear gloss

Lezgian morpheme-by-morpheme interlinear gloss

Turkish infinitive gloss (one-to-many correspondence)

Latin interlinear gloss with zero morpheme (ø)

Tagalog reduplication in interlinear gloss (~)

Turkish case and verb morphology (Odadan hızlı çıktım)

French clitic pronouns in interlinear gloss (Je t’aime)

Tagalog verbal aspect paradigm (interlinear)

German dative plural with umlaut (unsern Vätern)

Avar interlinear gloss (Caucasian agreement)

Lojban interlinear gloss with sumti placeholders

Russian case and gender agreement (evening run)