Avar interlinear gloss (Caucasian agreement)

What this example shows

The Avar sentence means “We didn’t steal your camel”. Avar is a Northeast Caucasian language with rich agreement marked on the verb, so a single verb complex carries the subject, the negation, and agreement that English splits across several words. The alignment shows that one Avar token answers to a phrase like “didn’t steal”.

One verb, several English words

The verb complex bundles the action together with agreement and negation. English needs an auxiliary, a negator, and a main verb to say the same thing, “did not steal”, so the link from the Avar verb fans out to several English boxes that share one color. The genitive “your” on the camel and the agreement inside the verb mean the translation order does not follow the morpheme order. The connectors trace which English words each Avar piece answers to.

Glossing conventions used here

Agreement prefixes, the genitive, and negation are each labeled on the gloss line, and a single source verb maps to several glossed words. When one form carries several grammatical meanings at once, a period joins them inside one label.

For the agreement and case labels:

• glossing abbreviations cheat sheet

Recreate it in the editor

Open the example, then link the one Avar verb to each of its English words so the shared color shows the grouping. Upload a custom font under Settings → Fonts if your transcription needs characters a default font lacks, then export as PNG, SVG, or PDF.

See also

Related examples:

• Lezgian morpheme gloss shows case stacking in another Caucasian language.
• Classical Nahuatl word-by-word shows another verb that holds subject and object.