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Tagalog verbal aspect paradigm (interlinear)
Four Tagalog verb forms (sulat, su~sulat, sumulat, sumusulat) with aspect and mood glosses and English equivalents.
Example layout based on an example in the Wikipedia article Interlinear gloss (illustrative; Leipzig-style conventions).
What this example shows
Instead of one sentence, this diagram lays out several forms of the Tagalog verb sulat (“write”) side by side. Each form changes the aspect or mood through reduplication and an infix. Reading them together shows the pattern at a glance, which is why a paradigm makes a good morphology cheat sheet.
Four forms of one verb
The base and three derived forms:
- sulat write
- The bare stem, the starting point for the paradigm.
- su~sulat CONTEMPL~write
- Reduplication of the first syllable marks the contemplative (a not-yet-begun action).
- sumulat write.AGT
- An infix marks the agent trigger, the form that puts the doer in focus.
- sumusulat IPFV.AGT~write
- The infix and reduplication combine for an ongoing, agent-focus form.
Reading a paradigm row by row
A paradigm diagram puts related forms in parallel so the reader compares them top to bottom rather than left to right. The shared stem sulat stays constant while the affixes change, and the gloss line names what each change does. This is a different use of the tool from a single sentence: the rows are not one clause but a set of contrasts.
Glossing conventions used here
Reduplication is written with a tilde, as in su~sulat, and a period inside a label joins meanings that one affix carries at once. The agent trigger and aspect labels follow the standard set.
For the labels and marks:
Recreate it in the editor
Open the example and treat each row as its own short line with a gloss above it. Adjust the gaps so the forms read as a stacked table, then export the paradigm as PNG, SVG, or PDF for a handout.
See also
Related Tagalog examples:
- Tagalog reduplication focuses on a single reduplicated form.
- Tagalog compounds handles hyphenated words in the tokenizer.
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